Integration of sketch-based ideation and 3D modeling with CAD systems

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.This thesis is concerned with the study of how sketch-based systems can be improved to enhance idea generation process in conceptual design stage. It is also concerned with achieving a kind of integration between sketch-based systems and CAD systems to complete the digitization of the design process as sketching phase is still not integrated with other phases due to the different nature of it and the incomplete digitization of sketching phase itself. Previous studies identified three main related issues: sketching process, sketch-based modeling, and the integration between the digitized design phases. Here, the thesis is motivated from the desire to improve sketch-based modeling to support idea generation process but unlike previous studies that only focused on the technical or drawing part of sketching, this thesis attempts to concentrate more on the mental part of the sketching process which play a key role in developing ideas in design. Another motivation of this thesis is to produce a kind of integration between sketch-based systems and CAD systems to enable 3D models produced by sketching to be edited in detailed design stage. As such, there are two main contributions have been addressed in this thesis. The first contribution is the presenting of a new approach in designing sketch-based systems that enable more support for idea generation by separating thinking and developing ideas from the 3D modeling process. This kind of separation allows designers to think freely and concentrate more on their ideas rather than 3D modeling. the second contribution is achieving a kind of integration between gesture-based systems and CAD systems by using an IGES file in exchanging data between systems and a new method to organize data within the file in an order that make it more understood by feature recognition embedded in commercial CAD systems.This study is funded by the Ministry of Higher Education of Egypt

Consequences and Mitigation Strategies of Heat Stress for Sustainability of Soybean (<em>Glycine max</em> L. Merr.) Production under the Changing Climate

Increasing ambient temperature is a major climatic factor that negatively affects plant growth and development, and causes significant losses in soybean crop yield worldwide. Thus, high temperatures (HT) result in less seed germination, which leads to pathogenic infection, and decreases the economic yield of soybean. In addition, the efficiency of photosynthesis and transpiration of plants are affected by high temperatures, which have negative impact on the physio-biochemical process in the plant system, finally deteriorate the yield and quality of the affected crop. However, plants have several mechanisms of specific cellular detection of HT stress that help in the transduction of signals, producing the activation of transcription factors and genes to counteract the harmful effects caused by the stressful condition. Among the contributors to help the plant in re-establishing cellular homeostasis are the applications of organic stimulants (antioxidants, osmoprotectants, and hormones), which enhance the productivity and quality of soybean against HT stress. In this chapter, we summarized the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of soybean plants at various growth stages under HT. Furthermore, it also depicts the mitigation strategies to overcome the adverse effects of HT on soybean using exogenous applications of bioregulators. These studies intend to increase the understanding of exogenous biochemical compounds that could reduce the adverse effects of HT on the growth, yield, and quality of soybean

Embedding Cultural Design in Product Design Syllabus

Cultural design employs cultural features to create cultural products which are sold widely around the globe. When it comes to design schools and academies, we can notice that teaching product design concentrates on the design process, drawing skills, and recently computer-aided design (CAD). It pays less attention to design approaches such as cultural design. In this paper, we investigated how to embed cultural design in product design syllabus to let students discovers new areas of product design and gain deep experience which will be useful for them in labor market afterward. A design project was prepared to be introduced to a group of product design students. It aimed to let them understand the cultural design concepts and afterward they spent six weeks working on their projects to present a final cultural product

An Emotional Design Approach to Develop New Cultural Products

Global markets receive bulks of similar products every morning from different companies around the globe. Because of tough competition, companies attempt to present attractive products for consumers. Cultural design approach is used by several companies to develop products which based on consumers’ cultures. While same cultural product are sold in different countries because of globalization, there is a need for a new approach to design cultural products to be more attractive for consumers from different cultures. As emotion is the key motivation for people while judging things and making buying decisions, emotional design can be considered a good approach for design cultural products. This paper aims to integrate emotional and cultural design processes to help designers to create emotional interaction between the consumer and the cultural products. This interaction can push consumers to buy specific products more than others. The paper firstly reviews emotional and cultural design, cultural features, and design process. Afterward, a framework is developed to describe how emotions can be embedded in cultural design process

A multi‐windows approach for a sketch‐based conceptual design system

Sketching plays a very important role in conceptual design. In this early stage of the design process, designers have developed some ways to help them to explore designs. Sketching is one of these methods. In this paper, a study of sketch nature was carried and a proposed sketch-based interface for modeling was designed. The sketch nature study investigated the cognitive activities in sketching process, analyzed sketches of design students and professional designers, and collected data about sketching process and sketch-based systems requirements from designers to develop sketching scenarios and determine sketch-based systems requirements. These requirements were used to design a proposed sketch-based system for conceptual design with a multi-windows approach. The proposed system aims to provide an easy way for designers to sketch freely and for ideas to flow easily by using a multi-windows approach for sketching, 3D generation and rendering

EVALUATION OF THORACIC TRAUMA SEVERITY SCORE IN PREDICTING THE OUTCOME OF ISOLATED BLUNT CHEST TRAUMA PATIENTS

Background: Chest trauma is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity, especially in the younger population. Injuries to the thorax are the third most common injuries in trauma patients, next to injuries to the head and extremities. Outcome and prognosis for the great majority of patients with chest trauma are excellent. There are many predictors of mortality in chest trauma patients however; the present standards for assessing thoracic trauma vary widely. For this in 2000 Pape et al developed the Thoracic Trauma Severity Score (TTSS), which combines the patient's age, resuscitation parameters, and radiological assessment of the thorax. Aim of this study: was to assess the validity if any; of the Thorax trauma severity score and its ability to predict mortality in blunt chest trauma patients. Methodology: this was a cross sectional study, the study included 30 patients. Results: the (TTSS) was found to be a good predictor for mortality among the studied patients on initial evaluation; with a score larger than (7), the score is 100% sensitive and 100% specific for prediction of poor outcome (Death and ICU admission) versus good outcome (Discharge from ER and inpatient admission) with 100% positive predictive value and 100% negative predictive value. Conclusio: This study supports the use of the TTSS for predicting mortality in thoracic injury patients, as higher scores were associated with higher mortality and morbidity

Laparoscopic versus open partial nephrectomy: prospective randomized study for assessment of surgical, functional, and oncological outcomes

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to compare the surgical, functional, and oncological outcomes between open partial nephrectomy (OPN) and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN). Methods This prospective, randomized study was performed on patients who underwent partial nephrectomy under general anesthesia. Patients were randomized using the closed envelope method to either LPN or OPN. Baseline demographics and surgical, functional, and oncological outcomes were compared. A per-protocol analysis was used. Results Randomized study was conducted on 166 patients. The LPN, in comparison to the OPN group, was associated with significantly shorter hospital stay (3 vs. 4 days), less blood transfusion (10% vs. 12%), longer operative time (134 min vs. 124 min), lower visual analog pain score (7 vs. 8), and lower estimated GFR (70.7 ± 17.5 vs. 72.3 ± 14.7). Conclusions Oncological and functional results were comparable between LPN and OPN. However, LPN was superior to open surgery because of less hospital stay, visual analog pain score, and blood loss